Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Management - Assignment ExampleThe success of work in the 21st century depends on the ability of the organization to integrate technology in the business operation. In the advent of information technology, organizations work endeavored to inject business efficiency by using technology to run their data analysis and perplexity and computer systems to enhance business management. The web, internet and computer technology helps the organization to streamline their business functions and to beat strategies for management decision making. Microsoft and Procter & Gamble are among the organizations that have embraced the use of technology within their business operations. A close evaluation of the two companies will help reveal the value of technology within the business environment. Information and its management is an important factor in the business environment. All the management decisions are operate by the data that the management team collects during the previous fiscal years. The managers analyze data and interpret to notice their business performance and determine their next course of action. As Wolfgang (3) points out, the efficiency of the management in the data-analysis portray determines the nature of the direction that they opt to follow in their future business. Technology has provided new ways of analyzing information, wherefore providing the managers with a new approach to business decision making. In Procter and Gamble, the management shifted their focus on data analysis systems to shape their business using effective decision-making tools.

Can the preparation of non-christian parents for infant baptism be Essay

Can the preparation of non-christian p bents for child baptism be utilize as a tool of mission engagement - Essay Exampleas a possible tool for mission engagement, depending on how it is used and how the religious leaders can utilize its latent for spreading Gods word. This paper shall consider the head word can the preparation on non-Christian parents for infant baptism be used as a tool of mission engagement? It shall assess and evaluate this question from the point of view of a student placing himself in a position of a Methodist student minister on placement. An unchurched join approached this student Methodist minister for the infant baptism of their child. The couple did not go on to the church, but they approached the local Methodist minister for the baptism of their child. The task now is to determine how baptism can be used as a tool for mission engagement.The preparation of non-Christian parents for infant baptism can be used as a tool of mission engagement because t he principles and the concepts place baptism can be used to make the unchurched couple understand about Christianity and its teachings. As a Methodist minister, I can explain the process and the teachings behind baptism. In the process of explaining baptism its teachings and purposes it is possible to engage the couple into participating more in church activities and in living by the teachings of Christ. First and foremost, I can explain the basis of baptism to the couple. Infant baptism, based on several Christian sects proclaims that both believers and their children are included in Gods covenant love. Children of believers are to be baptized without undue delay, but without undue haste (Presbyterian, n.d). It is important for me, as a Methodist minister to express to the unchurched couple that Baptism is a sacrament which expresses the truth about Gods countless and unconditional love and a sacrament which already embraces people even before they respond in faith.It is also v ital for me to emphasize to the unchurched couple that as parents bring their babies to

Music Recording Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

harmony Recording Industry - Essay ExampleMusic file sharing on the Internet via websites and networks such as the notorious Napster has suit an extremely disputable topic in recent years. Since May 1999, when Napster began introducing millions of Internet users to the pleasures of trading medication via a peer-to-peer network, medication file-sharing has become ubiquitous online. 42% of the respondents in a June 2001 study of online behavior among American Internet users conducted by Jupiter Media Metrix indicated that they had transfered music from the Internet. Jupiter Media Metrix is a company that helps other companies develop, extend and integrate business strategies across online and emerging channels. Backed by proprietary data, Jupiter Researchs industry-specific analysis, competitive insight and strategic advice give businesses the tools they need to exploit new technologies and business processes.With the skip over of Internet use amongst the growing population arou nd the world it has been easier then ever for individuals of all ages to download their favorite songs from the Internet. ... The recording industry faces Napster-style file-sharing unambiguously as stealing and have tried to enforce its view by filing lawsuits against Napster and other similar online services. Napster itself has been effectively put out of business by profound action since July 2001, and a number of other lawsuits against most of the other major file-sharing services be before long pending. Among listeners, however, there is little agreement on whether or not file-sharing is the equivalent of theft, with many contending that they are in reality led to purchase more(prenominal) than music in physical form such as CDs because of their music downloading.Although the research taken in air division by the record industry is very appealing, there are others who believe that the era of music file swapping across the Internet did not cause the acclaimed 5% upchuck in sales in recorded music. According to a research done in part by a company called Ipsos-Reid think that there exist a direct relation in the midst of downloading music from the Internet and the purchasing of recoding music. Those who download more music from the Internet are more likely to go out and buy recorded music from the stores. Another study conducted by Jupiter Media Metrix concluded similar results, as did the research done by Ipsos-Reid. The report which was released in May of 2002 surveyed 3,319 people contradicts the claims rag by the record industry that file sharing and CD burning have been key contributors to the empty in record sales for the fiscal year of 2001. The report concluded that a considerable centre of people who download music frequently over the Internet are actually spending more on music than they did before they started downloading files. Only about 14% of heavy file traders have describe that they now spend less

Organization Design 4370 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

presidential term Design 4370 - Assignment ExampleThese two aspects have provided a competitive advantage to chipotle over its rivals who take care it hard to copy it.Chipotle has a centralized organizational structure. Decision making is done at the exit management level with very less delegation of power and authority to regional directors and managers. This has made dialogue between departments very difficult as there are no integrating mechanisms between the departments. callable to the centralized structure rules and regulations are followed to the latter. There are no adjustments in the running of the business as decision making is done by the top management.Socialization is an important thing to chipotle as it postulate to identify with the residents of the business area. This will help the caller-out to understand the market better as easily as the customer needs.Chipotle has a mechanistic structure. This is because Chipotle decision making is left to the top manageme nt and colloquy is vertical. The reporting relationship is well defined and every employee specializes in one task.There is lack of ropiness between the corporeal and the operations departments. The current structure of Chipotle creates a gap between the operations employees and the merged employees. Creating integrating roles between departments and bringing together cross functional teams to work on development specialized problems within the company will help in resolving the flaw in the communication.The current corporate structure is very lean with little overlap in functional areas causing disruption in the event of staffing changes. This can be resolved by cross training of individuals across different units. The company should implement an internal entrepreneurship program to encourage corporate employees to demonstrate the type of people-development that the Restaurateurs are known

Supply Chain Management and New Product Development Research Paper

Supply Chain Management and New Product development - Research Paper ExampleNew product development is that series of events that starts with the conception of the product and its ideation and ends with stint the product to the end user through strategic tick positioning through the meeting of private-enterprise(a) advantage. New product development is an important part of any and every business today in order to show a portfolio that thrives on enrichment through innovation and new experiences in the market place. It is a concept that will hold the prospective consumers attention for long enough in order to delve him or her into an actual end user. In a nutshell, through new product development, one renders a quality of improvising and strategic branding to the business and helps reach out to more and more people and arise them into consumers. Therefore, it is an important part of meeting competition and venturing into new markets to increase profitability and brand visibility as well. (Savage, 2007)According to the above diagram, the importance of new product development lies in the fact that there is a need in todays world of competition to keep redefining the business and its offerings. Most of the companies listed in the table stick done just that by adhering to the latest technologies and making sure that their research and development department is on top of things every step of the way. This has also given rise to a particular kind of brand positioning and a pattern that these companies have constantly improved upon. (Ellram et al, 2007)This model has been presented in the form of a flow chart with the aim of collaborating and organizing the knowledge and information within an organization to zero in on a schema that makes the best possible use resources. (Hugos, 2005) The best option facing an organization in the context of the above diagram or flow chart is to test its supply management strategy on various suppliers instead of one supplier alo ne, in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of each of the suppliers.

Critical analysis on an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Critical analysis on an - Article fashion modelThough this type of research is not new by every stretch of the imagination, the rigor and staring(a) nature of the datasets and graphs that the authors present help to engender a degree of well reasoned argument with which the lecturer can both understand as well as identify with.Although the weakness of the approach ar not specifically enumerated upon, the authors begin the piece by discussing the ways in which the study of directional phylogenesis risks over-simplifying the subject matter and ultimately reducing the research question to a form of what came first the scandalmongering or the egg. As a means of addressing such a threat, the piece seeks to lay bulge out a firm and rigid framework of analysis which does not allow any form of large generalizations on the subject matter (Whittall et al 706). As far as influencing the views of this particular student and providing a bigger picture conclusions, it can be definitively s tated that the results that the piece has proven leave little if any doubt in the mind with regards to the clear and inarguable nature of directional evolution and the means by which it occurs. As a function of the bigger picture, this can be understood to re-affirm Darwins original guess and helps to shed a further light on the ways in which individual species evolve, grow, and develop over

Genetic experiment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetic experiment - Research Paper Example radix cell inquiry is one of the most hotly debated issue that involved political, social, religious and moral concerns. tooth root cell research is one of the most developed genetic experimentation with a wide effigy of possibilities in the field of biology. There atomic number 18 many possible things that these researches fire achieve given if the researches atomic number 18 well grounded, well funded and supported by the society. However, question such as the ethical and moral credibleness of the action has surfaced. Stem cell research involves the forgiving embryonic cells. These embryonic cells come from new fertilized pelt that started to divide to form any type of cells in the body. Embryonic cells are the stepping stone to finding proscribed new ways of treating health problems. Transplants need been made easier and effective with the start outing of stem cell research. different stem cell procedures that proved to be effective life saving treatments to various sicknesses such as leukemia, tumors, heart transplants and many more have been developed through the extensive researches of scientist (Basics). The cultured embryonic cells have attached ethical constraints. Embryonic cells are destroyed with the many researches being done by scientists. Subjecting these human embryos into laboratories for experimentation is like killing a human being that is possible to develop maturely. It is unsettling to consider that embryos hitherto if they are still five days old are placed on dishes that will before long die due to failed experiments. On the other hand, scientists and researchers raise various questions related to stem cell research such as Are human embryos equal with a full grown human? Do the embryos have rights? Does life start at fertilization? Is the destruction of one embryo justifiable when it can provide cure for countless patients? The embryonic cells can either live or die at the dish during experimentation. The government of various countries has been warily affected as funds directed for the research are questioned by their constituents due to the ethical issues attached with the issue. George Bush for example, has supported the stem cell research at the start of his presidential term. But later, he withdrew such funds due to the ethical claims related with the research. Further, electric chair Obama continued the funding during his term showing his support for the advancement of the biotechnological breakthroughs. Political disputes and debates have erupted among different parties exposing their sides on the issue. Policy makers have drafted various laws regarding the research, but restrictions have barricaded the further progress of the researches (Stem prison cell). Stem cell research is just one of the many genetic experimentation that evoke reactions from the public. The advent of such researches and other advancement in the field of biotechnological en gineering has caused fear to many. One of the most soft on(p) issues is the idea of cloning. As the stem cell research progressed, other advancement are made possible. Researches has evolved and notice every now and then. Medical News Today covers the world with breakthroughs, such as New improvement for growing intestinal stem cells Transforming human ES of IPS cells into functional ling epithelial cells New approach for corneal

Children and violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Children and force out - Research base ExampleNowadays, there is much concern on the incidents of force play among adolescents and children. This troubling and complex issue necessitate a deep understanding by teachers, p arnts, as intimately as other adults. Children, as four-year-old as those in preschool portray violent characteristics, possibly due to the violent surroundings they ar clear to. This presents a lot of challenges to the p bents, teachers and the wider society. Thus, this essay will look into such challenges facing children, their effects and the solution to the violence crisis in the society.The rising violence rates in most the Statesn cities show that most children are being raised in conditions known as inner-city war zones (Garbino et.al., 1992). However, the violence problem is not special to a particular group or community. Every child today is affected by this violence which pervades the contemporary society. Thus, a healthy progress of children in t odays world has been jeopardized.The causes as well as effects of cases of violence in the society are complex just as they are interrelated most violence arises from social prejudice common in the society. Key among the major contributors are unemployment, racism, poorness, substance abuse, guns proliferation, abusive parenting practices, and everyday exposure to violent scenes via the media, among others (Craig, 1992). Currently, every fifth child is exposed to poverty for the children below six years, the number is twenty five percent. The fundamental services to families with a low income ware been significantly reduced in the past decade as the federal funding in America has been cut. With the disappearance of social programs and the deterioration of the economy, violence in schools, homes, and communities have escalated. The handguns proliferations have also greatly contributed to the change magnitude violent assaults as well as homicides that children

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay ExampleThe self-destruction barroom devices develop the bridge and the skyscrapers ability to humiliate suicide attempts. The engineers are required to perform their daily duties with excellent competence in order to scientifically manage and maintain rapid traffic flow from reducing by onlookers observe a suicide scene. Suicide scenes normally slow down traffic. Excellent competency in this sphere of influence includes the compulsory duty of going out of ones way to ensure the approval and erudition of the suicide safety devices. Excellent competence includes the engineers required task of explaining the many benefits of purchasing the suicide hinderion devices to the people having the financial ability to pay for the high-value suicide ginmill devices.In addition, the engineers must issue statements in an neutral and truthful manner the engineers must state that the suicide prevention devices are needed for the company to prevent the further loss of lives as well as damage to property. The engineers should persuade the financial sponsors of the suicide prevention devices that the high cost of the suicide prevention devices is minimal compared to preventing the continued trespassing on the property. The engineers willing convince the financial sponsors that the suicide prevention devices it would less costly to buy the suicide prevention devices compared to damages that will translate to damages on the bridges and other possible high places where a person crowd out jump off to ones immediate death.s immediate death. The engineers should act in a professional manner for every employer or client and to avoid conflicts of interest. Professional manner includes informing the employer that the suicide prevention devices are compulsory equipment that will increase the use capacity of the bridges, roads, and other high buildings to reduce the suicide rate in the area. In addition, the

Public School Uniforms Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public School Uniforms Outline - fitting ExampleHowever, there has been a rise in a group of people opposing the idea. Critics fence that uniforms do not add any value to the education of the students. They argue that most clears which proponents cling on are not solely because of the use of school uniforms, but a combination of several reform measures taken by the institution (Draa, 2005). The effectiveness of the policies in terms of law and finance is also questioned (Brunsma et al, 1998).The speedy change of clothing trends that target the youth has created problems among the youth, who are mainly the majority in schools and colleges. There is an ageless appetite among the youth to appear fashionable among their peers thereof an increase in unscrupulous means of acquiring the clothes (Draa, 2005). Students who cannot afford such lavish dressing may feel inferior in schools hence the need of uniforms. Uniforms make everyone equal and eliminate the need of unhealthy competitio n between students in schools. competitor among the students over their appearance results in taunts and all the same fights (Holloman et al, 1996).The school community is made up of different charitable of people, from different backgrounds. Allowing the students to dress up as they wish would make the school environment look chaotic. divers(prenominal) communities have their own unique dress codes that could be their tradition and due to lack of exposure and tolerance, students wearying them can be ridiculed by others. The administrators ease the social problems, tension and appearance related issues by comprehend the use of uniforms (Draa, 2005).The use of school uniforms is for the safety of the children themselves. According to Draa (2005), there are cases where school-age children are robbed or even killed for their shoes and clothes which are of high demand. The role of uniforms in the prevention of violence is framed as a safety issue for the students in schools

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability - Essay ExampleWhen God created man in the Garden of Eden, He gave him authority over all the earth. This authority involves taking care of the environment, and all its constituents. Consequently, Christian stewardship refers to a moral obligation conferred on human beings by God over the natural resources. It includes exploitation the natural resources in ways that benefit humanity, and the perpetuation of such resources. Promoting the continuity of the resources maintains order in the introduction as the resources allow man to meet his various needs and aspirations successfully. In addition, future generations get to wassail quality resources in abundance, thus boosting their earthly experiences.God holds Christians accountable for their actions on earth. The accountability falls in many categories, including the environment. God ordained man to take care of the earth, and the responsibility goes with accountability. Consequently, Christi ans endeavor to safeguard the biodiversity in a compassionate and respectful manner. These attitudes also characterize the concept of sustainability as it bears the future generations in mind. much to this, sustainability aims at countering the environmental crisis, and ensuring that humanity enjoys the goodness of nature in future.Christian stewardship recognizes that natural resources serve as resources (Robinson, 20). Resources help in fulfilling the daily needs of humanity, hence the need for their conservation. Absence of such resources would lead to unsatisfactory provision of the required needs, which would contravene Gods will for our lives. Likewise, sustainability realizes the need for resource protection. It encourages the proper use of such resources with an intention of providing the current and future society with a good life. More to this, Robinson (21) asserts that stewardship is a treasure to be passed from generation to generation. This means that Christian ste wardship, just like

Electronic commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Electronic commerce - Essay ExampleIt has also resulted to a difference in the personal manner the companies relate to each other. The increased use of the internet has been contributed to by the need to perform business on line (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Various companies have managed to place their products on internet servers, where they have managed to advertise even use virtual brochures. In order for companies to attain competitive advantage, the virtual market should be untapped so as to reach so the many internet users (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods, services or information through computer ne 2rks using the internet. E -commerce offers new ways of doing business that no smart set can ignore. Electronic commerce has brought with it several benefits, and it is also extremely convenient. just about of the benefits of e-commerce accommodate shortened remittance time, companies have managed to easily promote their product, both consumers and the companies have saved on the cost it has enhanced the provision of timely information. E-commerce has also ensured a consistent flow of information crack customer relationship, it has enhanced the customization of products, and it has also brought with it the convenience of doing business (Baye, Morgan, 2001). ... The informational strategy has proved to be productive for virtually companies. An example showing the use of this strategy is Insight Direct, where a discount computer cataloger marketing mostly to business, obtains only 10 per cent of its deals from its on-line collection however, such a company manages to trance more than more 75 percent new customers from the site (Baye, Morgan, 2001). A nonher strategy used in e-commerce is the on-line or transactional strategy, which normally uses an electronic catalogue of goods for sale. Those visiting the site can normally go through the catalog and purchase products online. Despite the fact that the inf ormational strategy provides an electronic catalogue and ordering information, it does not enhance online business transactions. The informational strategy does not, therefore, exploit the ability of the web to be used as an interactive medium. The transactional strategy is what most consumers relying on e-commerce would expect. In e-commerce for a company to increase its overall performance, it is essential that the company establishes a website. This strategy may have a disadvantage, which is transaction insecurity. Online transactions have proved to be successful both for the small and medium sized companies. Such companies that have benefitted using this strategy include the Virtual vine yards and Amazon.com. The use of the online transaction strategy has enhanced the growth of various enterprises this is because the web has proved to be a potential money making vehicle that can be used in e-commerce (Baye, Morgan, 2001). The two strategies, however, have both advantages and dis advantages. The advantages of using the informational strategy include

Community Empowerment and Motivation to Healthcare in an Acute Care Se Essay - 13

Community Empowerment and Motivation to Healthcare in an slap-up Care Setting - Essay ExampleMotivation, however, involves triggering interest for application of developed potentials. Healthcare based mandate and motivation within communities, therefore, involves facilitating self-reliance in improving wellness standards through prevention of diseases and infections without the direct betrothal of care personnel. This aids self-care that, according to World Health Organization, is peoples potential, at either personalised or communal level, to improve health standards, prevent disease, and maintain health, and cope with illness and disability without infix from care personnel (Barlow, n.d., p. 1). Such empowerment and motivation are essential in the scope of acuate care that majorly involves injuries and injury-related complications such as central nervous system and cerebrovascular accident complications, and respiratory diseases, proposition injury, hemorrhage, (Asha, 2013, p. 1).Community empowerment and motivation is an essential need that requires attention in acute care because of its impediment measure and its importance in providing emergency care in absence of care personnel. Its involved sensory faculty and development of strengths for care initiatives ensure communities ability prevent the need for acute care and ability to act as rising health care needs. Consequently, the need ensures a healthy society regardless of the scarcity of health care facilities and personnel. It also means that community empowerment and motivation will relieve pressure on care facilities and promote efficiency in acute care services (See, 2007).My developed knowledge from the sterilize of Nursing Practice has diversified potentials to contribute to a nursing professional organization. My most significant piece could be in the field of nursing research in which I could investigate aspects of self-care in an acute care setting. My research could explore peoples behavior and actions, and their possible effects on health.

English Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Lit - Essay ExampleBook IX of promised land Lost presents Adam and evening in their prelapsarian state and gradually develops to the theme of temptation and the true sin. The signs of self-will are shown by Eve, as she suggests to Adam that they can divide their work and go specialise ways in the garden of Eden. As Adam is apprehensive of the enemy lurking in the garden, and shows his reluctance to branch from her, Eve protests, How are we happy, still in fear of harm?. To Adams fears about the corner of Knowledge and the chances of Eve getting tempted, Eve declares that the very design of heaven is false if there is misgiving among the two and a lack of confidence in each otherEves keenness to question the idea of a perfect state of bliss in heaven where differences and fear exist, though presented as part of a grand design, can in the contemporary scenario interpreted as a womans attempt to break herself free from the numerous norms set by the patriarchal society. The component of humanness that Milton attributes to Eve is capable of endearing her to the readers and to see her words and actions in a sympathetic light, flat as the arguments that ensue after the original sin is capable of confirming the traditional Christian concept of seeing the woman as the eternal seductress who takes away the heavenly bliss man is capable of reaching, if not for her presence in his life.Adams words, Go for thy stay, not free, absents thee more hints at the paradoxical proposal of marriage of God trusting the free will of man and at the same time forbidding him and his go with from at least one thing in the Garden of Eden. The presence of a power social intercourse which is deemed inappropriate in the eternal bliss and native innocence of the prelapsarian state of Adam and Eve is first recognized and contested by Eve. When Satan, in the form of an enlightened snake first flatters her and accordingly reasons to her in a sophisticated manner, she does no t try to

Enhancing Employability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enhancing Employability - Term Paper ExampleThe possible influence of IT in employment creation is both direct as well as indirect. Directly, IT sector go off take a crap new employment opportunities and indirectly, the implementation of IT by other industries help to enlarge the assortment of services and as a result inspire the evolution of IT sector. The indirect influence of IT is much bigger compared to direct influence. In the USA, it is expected that for each employment generated in the IT industry, at least ten further IT-oriented employment substructure be developed in other industries where IT has been implemented. Though the use of IT eradicates certain specific labor-intensive employments, it can generate far more employment opportunities. Several businesses much(prenominal) as reckoner training, research and maturement among others are directly related with IT industry (Jacobs, 2008).According to a study of National Research Council of the USA, it had been lay out that IT has an inspiring effect on the development of service industry. The fastest growing sectors of service industry such as education, financial services, health services and insurance sectors among others are expanded with the help of adaptation of IT. IT provides benefits towards multiplication of employment and enhances skill level. Several evidences specify that IT supports towards the development of labor and overall skill advancement in the workstation (Jacobs, 2008).The research for IT business leave alone be conducted on the basis of secondary data and primary data. The main(prenominal) focus of this research will be to understand the condition of the IT industry in the USA and to break apart the self-employment opportunity in this sector. In order to conduct the research, firstly, information regarding IT sector trends such as computer sales and revenues in the USA will be collected, the number of employment generated by the IT sector will be analyzed and ultimatel y the data will be segmented for creating a fruitful determination of the research. These data will help to understand the condition of the IT sector and its prospects for employment for graduates or self-employment.

Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example for Free

Legalizing gagenabis EssayCannabis Sativa, more than ordinarily known as Marijuana, is made up of dried parts of the Cannabis balancer plant and is the close to commonly used unratified drug in the join States. For centuries, hatful all over the population lead been using marijuana to achieve euphoria, but the drug has remained il statutory in the United States despite countless efforts to reverse the honor. In the last few years, the legalization of Marijuana became both a prominent and controversial issue in our unsophisticated and remains an extremely touchy subject. Despite its unretentive term effect of distorted perceptions and memory impairment, Marijuana has several pros that can non only function individuals but could avail our country as a whole. These pros include health check use, a boost in our economy, the creation of an entire ganja industry, and the lowering of crime rates.The use of marijuana for medical purposes dates back centuries to docto rs of the western hemisphere. Because of their initial use of the hemp plant to help alleviate pain, doctors of the 18th deoxycytidine monophosphate were able to develop the use of the drug and determine its uses in the medical field. It was classified as an illegal drug by many countries, including the US in the 20th century. Over the past 30 years, on that point has been a growing movement to legalize marijuana, primarily for medical use. In fact, several stu tired sharpen that marijuana can even be good for your health and help with the treatment of a nonher(prenominal) conditions. medical marijuana has aided in the treatment of Alzheimers Disease, Epilepsy, Multiple sclerosis, Glaucoma, Arthritis, Depression, Anxiety, and different types of cancer.The American Cancer Society says that, Marijuana has anti-bacterial properties, inhibits tumor growth, and enlarges the airways, which they believe can ease the severity of asthma attacks. There leave also been hundreds of studies make to come on the benefits of using marijuana as a type of treatment. So far, 18 states have legalized medical marijuana, and several other states are stir uping for those same laws. Other states are struggling to pass the law because the belief in how the drug can harm people. Though several doctors including, Dr. Lester Grinspoon have stated that there has never been a death reported from marijuana. In fact, Dr. Paul Hornby, a biochemist and comporting authority on cannabis research stated, Ive heard you have to smoke something like 15,000 joints in 20 minutes to she-bop a toxic amount of delta-9tetrahydrocannibinol and I challenge anyone to do that.Meanwhile it is known information that anyone can die from ingesting to much alcohol, aspirin, or even water. Legalizing the drug, especially for medical use, can help ease the pain of thousands of people and even help to save lives.Legalizing marijuana would lead to an join on in our economy. Due to the fact that the illegal drug is used widely across our country, the Federal establishment spends billions of dollars each year in mark to decrease and prevent the trafficking of it. According to Dr. Miron Replacing marijuana prohibition with a system of legal mandate would save approximately $7.7 billion in government expenditures on prohibition enforcement $2.4 billion at the national level and $5.3 billion at the state and local levels. In our current economic situation, this would be considered a smart move. Besides it saving our country billions of dollars a year, it can potentially also increase our entire revenue due to tax dollars. Because production cost for marijuana is very low, the government can mark up the price significantly and tax it like alcohol and cigarettes.The legalization of marijuana would lead to the creation of an entire hemp based industry, which go out lead to the creation of thousands of jobs. Hemp fibers from the stalks of the plant have countless of other uses besides i ts general purpose. The oil extracted from the seeds could be used for fuel and the fiber extracted from the hemp strand could be spun and woven into linen like fabric. This fabric entrust be usable for dress up textiles, home furniture textiles, and even carpeting. When combined with cotton or wool, hemp strengthens the fabric making it breathable and more comfortable to wear. Hemp can be made into rope, clothing, and even paper. More importantly, the creation of this industry will bring upon thousands of jobs for people in our country. Currently, our country exceeds more then $300 million in one-year retail sales and the numbers continue to ride. Industrial hemp could generate thousands of sustainable job, helping our country to get back on track. Patrick Goggin, a board member on the California Could for Vote Hemp, the nations confidential information industrial hemp-farming advocacy group stated, Were in the midst of a dark economic transition, but I believe hemp is an impor tant facet and has tremendous economic potential.Another benefit accrued with legalizing marijuana would be a significant reduction in crime rates. Since Marijuana is currently illegal, it is exchange on the streets country wide. Thousands purchase the drug from dealers, putting their lives and reputations at risk, simply because it is the only method to come across it. Both drug dealers and gangs fight to sell the drug in the street, causing their deaths and the deaths of innocent people. Legalizing the drug help decrease the street wars and gang violence by taking the right to sell out of the give of dealers, and into the hands of the government. Since the drug will be legalized, it will be available in the same locations as cigarettes and alcohol, decreasing crime across the United States.After going over the various pros that come along with legalizing the drug, it is hard to see why marijuana is still illegal in our country. In my opinion, the only cause for it not being l egalized is the amount of money and jobs that were invested in the drug war. The United States Government takes great pride in their war on drugs and have put countless efforts in to show the potential dangers of the drug. In other words, the government looks defeated if they array to revise laws and turn back. Another reason it hasnt been legalized is due to the protection of the reputation of political figures. Politicians assume that by supporting the legalization of marijuana, they are mechanically condoning it. Though in reality, this isnt true at all. There are many constructive benefits of legalizing the drug, and our government should begin to overlook the current laws and work in order to change them. They would be able to regulate it to their wages and make a profitable revenue. Some states are already realizing the benefits and attempting to make changes.The reelection of the new president and a start to a new term brought about a great victory in the fight to legalize marijuana. On November 6, 2012 prohibition came to an end in Colorado and uppercase State. The two states made it legal to smoke marijuana recreationally, without any prescription or medical use. Prior to this, Colorado and Washington were among the 18 states with medical marijuana laws but became the first in the United States toapprove it recreationally. An article in the tender York Times stated that Even though it will take months before they write the rules and make other regulations, As soon as the laws are certified, it will be legal under Colorado and Washington law for adults 21 years and older to possess up to an ounce of marijuana. In Colorado, people will be able to grow as many as six plants. In Washington, users will have to buy their marijuana from state-licensed providers.(Healy, 2012)In conclusion, I believe that the legalization of marijuana would have a positive influence on America. Legalizing the now illegal drug will allow Americans to cultivate and use hemp to a great advantage. Billions of dollars would be saved in government expenditures, and revenue from taxation on the correct sale of marijuana would bring in billions of dollars as well. Although the impact on a persons health is debatable, to this day, not one person has been killed from a marijuana overdose. Smoking cigarettes daily and drinking alcohol on an every(prenominal) day basis is much more detrimental to a persons health then marijuana, therefore, this is really no specific reason that the drug shouldnt be legalized. Also, most importantly, using marijuana for medical use would benefit the thousands of people suffering with terminal illnesses.

Soil Conversations Essay Example for Free

Soil Conversations EssayThe aim of dishonor conservation is the prevention of priming erosion so that the fertile topsoil is retained. There atomic number 18 a lot of methods that can be utilise to conserve the soil. These are*Mechanical methodsThe main outline utilise in mountainous areas is terracing. Terraces built across dips hold the soil on flatter land. These are in general needed in tropical lands were rain falls in heavy storms, capable of removing large amounts of soil on slopes. On a smaller scale are embankments placed across the bottom of center slopes to hold back soil and water. Farmers can attend by using contour ploughing (around the slope instead of up and down). Ridges formed by ploughing block the downward movement of water on slopes. Planting trees in lines, either as swervebreaks for the farm or as shelter belts between the fields, checks wind speed and harbors from erosion.*Changes in farming practicesErosion rates are lower when the soil is co vered, one strategy can be the use of mixed dress outping or internal cropping. For example, a field crop bid maize can be planted between a bush or tree of coffee. or else of leaving the soil open to wind, the bushes will afford protection. Crop rotation can also help in the same way if crops of different sizes and periods of growths are planted in neighbouring fields. The main advantage of crop rotation is the maintenance of soil fertility. This is because not all crops use the same nutrients what one takes out from the soil, another(prenominal) will give back. Maintaining soil fertility is very important adding organic matter to the soil is the ruff way to hold water and promote a stable soil structure.The main farm sources are animal manure, crop stubble, and straw. Mixed farming cannot be practiced everywhere, in the Great Plains in the western USA dry farming is used. Because of the low water availability, dry farming involves spacing plants more widely than in wetter ar eas and leaving the land empty of crops (fallow) every other year. In the dry long time of the 1930s the top soil blew away in great clouds. Farmers were obliged to change their techniques during fallow years. straight field surfaces are left rough, and the soil is covered with a layer of waste and straw to protect it from the action of both sun and wind.*Community solutionsSome strategies are funded by governments, for example tree position on slopes in and next to farming areas, in order to replace trees already cleared. Planting schemes without the community support are not always successful the participation of the community increases the chances of success. For example in Nepal local anaesthetic people are allowed to harvest grass that is taken to the village to fed animals, animal dung is used to fertilize the land. When government instructs and supports this kind of projects, schemes like this can form part of an integrated inelegant developing program.Soil conservation is integrated with agricultural change to increase food output and improve rural standards of living. A major issue in many rural communities in developing countries is land ownership. A majority of farmer dont own their lands but pay rent to landlords, making the foundation of new conservation strategies impossible. What is need is a land reform that change this, but liitle progress has been do because powerful landowners have too much too lose.

Shakespeare and His Tyrants Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare and His Tyrants EssayDo you know who any of these people are? Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Muammar al-Gaddafi or Osama bin Laden? These men used their authority who exercised power oppressively or despotically. They are defined as autocrats. But even during William Shakespeares time there were standardised men who terrorised countries. Shakespeare portrays tyrants so that they will ever so suffer the consequences for their terrible deeds. The most famous of his tyrants are Richard III and Macbeth. In his tragedy Macbeth the main graphic symbol Macbeth was once a thane (a low-ranking nobleman) and a hero but a prophecy creates a powerful emulation within him for power which leads him to follow a dark path. He ascends the throne by move outing the king and too killed anyone who threatened to take him off the throne. His impending doom loomed over him when a man named Macduff fought Macbeth to avenge the shoemakers last of his loved ones (who were killed under M acbeths order). Macbeth was beheaded in the fight. He was a doomed man at the start. He was prophesised to die at the hands of another man and this shows that tyrants will always suffer in the end.In popular culture tyrants similar to Macbeth are portrayed in remakes of plays, films and video games. A tyrant who was similar is Ulfric Stormcloak from Bethesda Game Studios game Skyrim. Ulfric Stormcloak was a Jarl (a chieftain) of the former capital of Skyrim. After study ancient powers, he abused the knowledge by murdering the High King to take the throne. A contend is waged to stop Ulfric. In the end Ulfric Stormcloak is beheaded in a siege on his fortress. This is very similar to Macbeths story because both of them are misled by their ambition for power which supports that Shakespeare has influenced the tyrants of popular culture. Richard III in the play of the same name is depicted as being deformed, self-absorbed and wanting nothing much than to gain power. His split personali ty developed his character. However his undoing and death occurred during a final duel with Richmond (later known as Henry VII of England) at the Battle of Bosworth Field.A tyrant corresponding to Richard III is Queen Clementianna in the Snow White remake Mirror Mirror. The Queen is a very beautiful woman but she was narcissistic and cruel to her people. She believed that she was the rightful ruler of the land and orders the murder of Snow White (her step-daughter) which ultimately fails. The Queen talks in her spare time with her own listen (which is the mirror) except it is a much more wiser and younger version of herself. In the end she is foiled by Snow White and suffers her consequences for using dark powers against the King. She is transformed into a witch-like figure and Snow White rescues her long-lost father. both(prenominal) of these tyrannical people are alike as they are both self-absorbed and deformed in many ways. They neer have their happily ever after ending, los e their titles and are hushed past or killed (in Richard IIIs case). This shows that tyrants always pay for their crimes.Unfortunately a small number of tyrants never suffer for the atrocious acts that they commit. This is outrageous as the wicked and selfish men and women of our society should suffer for their crimes. Shakespeares influence ranges from many popular topics such as love and violence but his portrayal of tyrants is cutely similar to those of modern day culture. Would he have known that his view on tyrants was never expiry to change throughout the course of history? Who knows? But we will always know that tyrants were similar in both eras. Being a tyrant will lead to their own demise.

Understanding Leadership Essay Example for Free

Understanding Leadership strive

Comparative negligence of a child Essay Example for Free

Comparative negligence of a sister Es declareSowhat do you telephone about this defense? Do you think its viable? Are there other affaires to consider? Unfortunately, it is a viable defense. At least there are legal precedents and provisions for contributory negligence. But i always that defense was mostly used in business to business contract disputes. I plan it worked this way if company A hires company B to do, say, a financial audit. If company A doesnt give B all of its records, and then sues them for giving the wrong audit position, then company contributed to the computer error by NOT giving company B the records it needed. Also, considering that this is a 7 year old, the question becomes what 7 year old is beyond negligence. As adults we have a higher responsibility than children. I would say that only adults can truly be guilty of contributory negligence. The main thing to consider is that the number one wood was drunk. What could any 7 year old (or 17 or 70 year o ld) do to hold off a drunk driver. If he lost control due to his drunkeness there was nothing that child could have done except stay in the house. And that is unreasonable. No jury should award in their party favour or against the defendant.Pre-Judgment versus Post-Judgment Interest (Response Question) Make sense? The interest makes sense. What doesnt make sense is that there is no precedent or clarification on how the interest is actually calculated. That is where a good lawyer comes in. He/she would have to specify how they want it done in the initial lawsuit. I think that interest on awarded damages gives the recipient an opportunity to be compensated for the time it takes to complete the suit and transfer the money. later 4 years the interest really isnt pocket money, it is just adjusting the award for inflation. The other thing interest does is allow you to get more money than would normally be allowed in a point type of lawsuit. I think that courts should make uniform rules for the interest rate that can be awarded on specific cases, and set rules on how it will be calculated to prevent further bickering mingled with the parties, and further appeals over the interest that has to be paid.

Organic Food and Wild Oats Essay Example for Free

Organic Food and Wild Oats EssayStrong revenue maturation Focused issue strategy Wide product portfolioWeak international operations Conservative international constitution Increasing rental expenses OpportunitiesThreats Higher demand for organic products Expansion in the UK Growth in insular label productsIncreasing competition Labeling and other regulations Slowdown in the US economy StrengthsWeaknesses Strong revenue growth Focused growth strategy Wide product portfolioWeak international operations Conservative international policy Increasing rental expenses OpportunitiesThreats Higher demand for organic products.Expansion in the UK Growth in offstage label productsIncreasing competition Labeling and other regulations Slowdown in the US economy AI Global Management. 8-26-14. teacher Who wasnt hither(predicate) last week? Im construeing at Michelle. So you are the only one that wasnt here last week? Mrs. Johnson were you here last week. Im going to pass out the assignm ents for next week for you. pupil The PowerPoint one. INSTRUCTOR building block foods. So what you had to do just to remind everybody you pick up to take a look at those two companies, and do some research, did find out strategically what really happened?STUDENT Do you have extra copies? I wasnt here last week. INSTRUCTOR I thought I asked who wasnt here last week? Okay. We have to strategically do some research on both of these companies. You have your case study in front of you very thorough. You have to find out what kind of ratiocination was do that created really an issue for Wild Oats because initially when this company was put together, they were killing Whole Foods. They were Whole Foods before Whole Foods existed. They were doing wonderful. Growing, expanding in the same type of market.I know both cases, so I know a lot of answers, but all of a sudden some decision was made in their minds relatively strategic, but it turned out to be some pretty bad decisions. How man y of you has heard of Wild Oats. All of us have heard of Whole Foods because they are in existence. So you have to run this as if you are the CEO of both take both sides. Compare and parentage and take a look at Wild Oats, and what happened to them. Take a look at the swell decision, and then things started going south relatively quickly for them. Yet Whole Foods was the underdog. Now Whole Foods is doing. Well, I guess. Manufacture moving forward.

The Late 19th Century and the Drive for Empire Essay Example for Free

The Late 19th century and the Drive for Empire Essay1. Effects of Industrialization onthe economyThe industrial revolution contend a role in the emergence of the basic sparing patterns that have characterized much of modern europiuman economic life. Some historians characterize the period before 1895 and after 1873 as a great depression. Europeans experience a series of economic c crams during these years (Prices of agriculture produces fell). Slumps reduced profits in the business cycle. Although turning point occurred at different times from 1895 to world war 2, Europe experienced an economic boom and got a prosperity take aim that promote people to look back at the era as la belle poque (the golden age in civilization ) specific countries/zones Ger numerous replaced Great Britain as the industrial leader of Europe. Germany gained favourable position in new areas of manufacturing (organic chemicals, electronic equipment). Britain had an established industrial plant and do it more difficult to transfigure to the new techniques of Industrial Revolution. The relationship between science and technology became closer. Germany was accustomed to change. European economic zones Europe was divided into ii economic zones. The growth led to new patterns for European agriculture that emerged. It included an teemingness of grain and lower transportation costs caused the prices of farm commodities plummeting . Southern Italy, Austria-hungary ,Spain=little industrialized the urban purlieu Urban dwellers make up an increasing percentage of the European Population. There were 40% in Britain, 25% in France and Germany, 10% in Eastern Europe. Then after the industrial revolution, the population increased to 80% in Britain, 45% in F, 6% in germany, and 30% in Weastern Europe. There were in like manner many blueprints and innovations that occurred in this time period -Electricity- 1910. Hydro electric power stratons-coal fired steam plants. The electric railw ay was in 1879. Desire to own sewing machines, clocks,type writers, etc.New consumer ethic. Mass marketing encourtages people to purchase new consumer goods. Introduction of chemical fertilizers. Workers were of people who abandoned farms because of hardships. Wanted cheaper labor. Ideologu of domesticity Women should remain at home to patronise and nuture children. This is said to keep the well being of familyand forced women to do borderline work at home. The urban and industrial lead was passed from Britain to Germany. demographics/population patternsDramatic population increases after 1870. Prices of food and manufactured goods declined. There were excessively lower transportation costs. The period of the depression was from 1873-1895. This period was composed of a series of European economic crises. There was an abundance of grain Tarrif barries machines for harvesting In 1850-1910, THe population grew to 460 million. There was a rising fecundity and also a decline in deat hrate Emigration Excess rural labor migrates to industrial regions. Emigration is about 500 thousand a year. There was improved nutrition because food was transported to little harvest regions.2. Social Changes Due to IndustrializationWork/SchoolPlay/ vacuousMass fiatUpper ClassThis selected was composed of people with the jobs of aristocrats, bankers, merchants, and industrialists. There were elites directs prevail by the children of the aristocracy. The educated elite got leadership roles in government and military. There were pleasures of country living and the aristocrats bought lavish town houses for part-time urban life. Common bonds were made when the sons of wealth families met during school or other(a) meetings. The aristocrats and the plutocrats fused together to one screen. The visual modality education was a product of mass society. To be educated, one had to attend a secondary school or university. European states showed little interest in primary education. Onl y in the German states was in that respect astate-run system for it. Europeans made a commitment to mass education becase they believed education was imprtant to social usefulness and thought to supplant catholic education with moral training on secular levers.Mass Leisure The new industrial system where evening hours after work, weekends, and later a week or two in the summer. Leisure was the opposite of work What people did in their free time or for pastime Mass tourism Creation of the first market for tourism. Its wages increased and workers were given paid vacations. maven result of mass education was an increase in literacy. With the dramatic increase in literacy, there was also a rise of mass-circulation newspapers. Mass politics became a sureity in western European states. Reforms encouraged the expansion of political democracy through voting rights for men.Middle ClassThis shed light on was a level that included jobs such as professionals in law, medicine, and the civ il service as well as somewhat well-to-do industrialists and merchants. After the industrial expansion, new groups of jobs were added such as managers, new professionals, engineers, architects, accountants, and chemists. The lower middle class jobs consisted of shopkeepers, traders, manufacturers, and prosperous peasants provided The moderately prosperous and successful middle class shared similar lifestyles and values than the others that dominated 19th century society. The middle class members were active in preaching their world view to children and other society classes. They believed in working hard and christian morality. They had a right way of doing things and propriety. This also gave rise to more books.Lower ClassThe majority of the lwoerclass were landholding peasants, agricultural laborers, or sharecroppers. There were some prosperous landowning peasants that shared the same values as low middle class. The lower class consisted of the urban working class Artisans, prin ting, jewlry do, and semiskilled laborers who included Carpenters, bricklayers, and MANY factory workers The lower class of urban workers experienced a real betterment in the material conditions of their lives after 1871. Urban improvements meant better living conditions. There was also a rise in wages, then a decline inconsumer costs. This made it possible for workers to buy more than just the necessity food and housing. Workers were now permitted to buy more clothes and leisure that strikes and labor tumult were winning shorter workdays and Days off.Womens RolesThe second industrial revolution brought and enourmous impact on the position of women in the labor market. There was controversy of women for their right to work. The desperate need for money forced women to do marginal work. This work was done at home because it required little skill. A women was expected to nurture and superintend for children while ensuring the moral/physical well being of the family. Many lower clas s women were forced to be prostitutes. There were as many as 60k prostitutes in London. Many new job opportunities for women.3. New Inventionsinventionits effects and applicationsChemicalsElectricityThe internal Combustion EngineTarrifs and Cartels A change in the method of making soda enabled France and Germany to take the lead in producing the alkalies used in the textile, soap, and paper industries. Laboratories overtook British in the victimization of new chemical compounds Electricity was a major new form of energy that provided great value since it was easily converted into other energy forms such as heat, light, and motion. The first generators were developed in 1881 The victimization of the combustion engine was made in 1878. This ran on gas and air. It was unsuitable for widespread use as a source of power until the development of liquid fuels- petroleum and its distilled derivatives.An oilfired engine was made in 1897. The hamburg Amerika Line had switched from coal to oil on its new ocean liners. There was increased contention for free trade. protective tariffs guaranteed domestic markets for the products of their own industries. AFter a decade, Europeans returned to protective tarif protections. Cartels were being formed to lower controversy internally/ A cartel is where enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas, restraining the kind of competition that led to reduced prices.

Opinions and Social Pressure Essay Example for Free

Opinions and accessible Pressure turn outAsch in his essay Opinions and Social Pressure conducted an experiment to determine effects of group wedge towards an separate and concluded that there is a very strong tendency to conformity even when doing so unlike with their own senses of morality. In the experiment a group of young students have to comp ar length of lines on two several(predicate) sheets of paper. On one of them there is a sample single line and on the other one there are three lines only one of which is same size as the sample line from the first sheet. People taking subtract in this experiment are instructed to orientate at lines that are the same length. At first, during the experiment the group is unanimous in their answers and chooses the correct line, simply later on the person that sits near to the end of the line in which people taking part in the experiment are sited, selects different answers then the rest of the group. As the experiment continues a nd the situation repeats, the stray in selecting different than the majority answers person shows signs of feeling uncomfortable in position of dissenter.What he doesnt know is that the rest of the group is instructed to give wrong answers while the experiment is conducted. The single individual is located in the minority while actually giving the correct answers. Subjects of this experiment could act independently or they could go along with majoritys opinion. A prominent percentage yielded. Under the majority pressure people are more likely to accept the misleading information. There are extreme examples of only independent individuals as well as people who totally agree with the majority al or so most of the time and the tendency is highly consistent.After reconstructing the experiment the next question for the scientist to answer is which aspect of act upon is more important, the size of majority or its unanimity. It turns out, that the majority size obtains a difference o nly to the caput where majority group involves three people. Making the majority any bigger would not influence on the error rate for the answers in the experiment. Breaking up unanimity of the group in given answers has a significant effect. In the experiment it is also noted that the rate of wrong answers depends to a considerable full stop on how wrong the majority is.Even with significant difference in length of lines there were save individuals who agree with majority error. For those participating in this experiment almost all declare that independence was favourite(a) to conformity. Life in society subscribe tos consensus as an indispensable conditions. But consensus, to be productive, requires that each individual house independently out of his experience and insight. () We have found that tendency to conformity in our society so strong that reasonably and well- meaning young people are willing to call white dingy is a matter of concern (Salomon E.Asch Opinion and Soc ial Pressure pp. 730). The experiment has proven that we live in times where opinion become very subjective and can be easily modified. Social techniques are wildly used in marketing and sales or even by lobbyist in goernmental decision making process. The uncertainty of people own senses, opinion or knowledge can be easily abused. Aschs experiment implements how people believe in the obvious lies. Its shows simple ship canal of influencing perception, judgment and action. Results of this experiment trigger a number of social and scientifically researches like deal of Berns G.S. (2005) (Neurobiological Correlates of Social Conformity and Independence During amiable Rotation, Biological Psychiatry, 58(3), pp 245-253), that explains decision making influence on very labored level. It proves that social mechanisms of say-so have an effect not only on individual behavior only when it also effects brain chemistry. Resources Opinions and Social Pressure / by Solomon E. Asch Berns G. S. (2005) (Neurobiological Correlates of Social Conformity and Independence During Mental Rotation, Biological Psychiatry, 58(3), pp 245-253) Reaction ParagraphI was very surprised by the results of Aschs experiment. I evermore knew that the opinion of the group counts and its important to most of us, but would never except that the scale and dexterity of decision making influence techniques can be so large and effective. Society faces many different forms and techniques of decision making influences that were developed from results of the Aschs experiment. This techniques share common goals which are to make society to succeed and find the best ways to achieve social conformity.On positive side, conformity can be used to create predictability references or to organize a convenient social structure that doesnt require constant renegotiations. On the negative side, its a key to a great power over social behavior and actions. This raise questions over morality and responsibility ov er the actions that could be caused by manipulations. If the study was conducted on contemporary society the results wouldnt be much different if not even show stronger tendency to conformity.Living in the age of social media, mass communication networks and globalization concepts individuals are more pressured to obey, to be a part of events or actions not truly and not only by their tolerant will. The study indicates that in big majority people are followers and they tend to obey authority and follow the opinion of majority. Awareness of how humans tend to obey comes with some tips on how we can value ourselves from external influence. Cultivating a healthy skepticism and exercising active change in our behavior make us less vulnerable to prospective social experiments.

Olga Semyonova’s Discovery of Peasantry Life Essay Example for Free

Olga Semyonovas denudation of Peasantry Life EssayPeasant livelihood is sockn to be unmatched of the lowest status situations in m whatever parts of the world during the past. Many people ar non give equal opportunities comp ard to those that confound a higher status in life. Most often, they atomic number 18 treated like they are non people but slaves referable to the lifestyle as well as the work they pee. Most of the condemnation, peasants trust on those that has a higher status of living to get work. Thus peasants are angiotensin-converting enzyme of those underprivileged people who are present in the world. In the book written by Olga Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia and David L.Ransel, the life narration of peasant life in Russia. In assure to have an overview of the authors desire to indite this type of book, a short background of Olga Semyonova would be presented. Semyonova was born in the year 1863 into a truly prominent and scientific family during those er as. The author was one of the daughters of Pytor Pertovich Semyonov who is a popular geographer, explorer and statistician. Through the explorations and attainments which were through with(p) by her father, he was acknowledged by the emperor and ulterior added the name Tian-Shanskii.Semyonovas father played a huge role in the life of peasants because he designed the legislation for the emancipation of the Russian peasants for serfdom, a reform implemented in years 1861-1863. Throughout Semynovas life, she was living in St. Petersburg and was traveling with her family abroad. much often than not, she spent her summers in Gremiachka which is her familys estate located in Riazan Province. The location of their estate would later on be used to study the life of peasants. With the inheritance of her fathers attitude in exploration, Semyonova was sufficient to do her own explorations regarding peasantry.(xix-xxi) Semyonovas adult life was very tragic. Although she was very intelligent thither was a point in her life that she shielded her self away from her social and intellectual life. She was offered by marriage by a modern man who deeply fell in love with her. However, she declined the man. As a result, the young man decided to shot himself in the head and he e acquittanceu whollyy died. subsequently such(prenominal), she mostly spent her life living in their real estate which made her aware of the situations of the peasants well-nigh their area. (xix-xxi) During the nineteenth century Russian society was in crisis.For several people, the development of the country was slow in comparison to former(a) countries such as Ger umteen, France, England and the United States. These countries were the ones who educated the Russians which brought pressure to the country. In contrast, Russia was very farther from these countries bases on their urbanization and industrialization. In addition, these countries have a much higher level of culture and ecumenic education. On the other hand, change was very rapid and people blamed the government with its persistence to haulage up with the Western world.With the decision of the government, the Russian society was forego into a revolution. The Russians who were well educated were able to view the main sources of the said crisis. As these educated people said, the resolution of the rebellion depends on the actions and attitudes of the unconstipated people such as the peasants who composed the eighty-five (85) percent of the Russian nation. Russian Peasants were the ones who dwell in the rural areas as well as those migrant workers or the industrial workers of the country in contrastive parts of Russia.Peasants were also the ones who constitute the Russian armed forces. Thus, this made all the parties in Russia believe that they know the diverse situation in the liquidations. Therefore in their perspective, the armed forces have the right to speak for the hearty Russian peasantry and all their conce rns. However, all their assumptions are not true. Hence, the government was not able to address the problems which are faced by the peasants. In the whole book, the study which was utilized was made by Semyonov with the collaboration with other researcher named K. V. Nikolaevskii during the late 1890s.The study was done regarding the real situation of the peasants throughout those times in order to see the attitudes, aspirations and conditions of the peasants. In addition, the research regarding the lives of these people was regarding their customs, family life. However, in that respect is a failed attempt to present the fluidity of peasantry life. During the time of Semyonovas study of the peasantry life, she often noticed the she was similar to an outsider to the place. As evidence it was stated that, She established her own identity as a person of Western scientific culture in opposite to the peasants she studied.According to her, the boundary between childhood and adulthood, so cl primaeval demarcated in education society, collapsed in village society. Peasant children saw the world very much as did the adults (xxi). Semyonova highlighted that such situations were possible due to the early exposure of children in the difficulties that is normally faced by adults. In addition, the view of point of peasants regarding work, morality and office were likewise quite different from the perspective of Semyonovas upbringing (xii).Accordingly, there is a different discussion of women in the society in comparison to the treatment of women in the world known by Semyonova. In the book it is stated that, the treatment of women, whose lot as the brutalized work horses and chief preservers of social bonds in the family and community (xii). In the book, there are many social issues which were stressed by Semyonova. With all the studies observation and researches that she had done in the lives of Russian peasants, the author discovered many things that are very much different from her life while she was growing up.In order to fully represent the life of the peasants, Olga was able to coordinate with one of the peasants in order to properly present the whole community of peasants in general. The person interviewed was named Ivan. Similar to other peasants, the family of Ivan was working on a farm in order to live. As a matter of concomitant Ivans family had, livestock at the time of Ivans birth included three horses (one of which was a yearling), fifteen sheep, one cow, a heifer, and a pig. Their hut, which was wooden, had three windows and an enclosed entryway (sentsa).Nearby were a workyard, a small granary, and a threshing barn. In addition they family had the most important necessity for them to live, Farm tools included 2 wagons, two wooden, wheelless plows, one harrow, two types of harnesses, two scythes, two rolls of sackcloth (veretia), a sleigh, an ax, two spades, and two flails (Semyonova, 1). Thus without their terra firma tools t hey are not able to see that there are not able to provide for all the things that they need. In the life of Ivan, it was very obvious that culture, norms and economic status was very important.Through this, his upbringing and future day is very much affected. In the third chapter which focuses on the issue of child birth. Semyonova highlights that a child if brought up in such type of environment could be affected while growing up. It was stated that, their attitudes and sort as conditioned by the promiscuous intimacy of peasant life (22). She again states that children see things in a much matured way therefore she finds teenagers very promiscuous and inner even in a young age.The author also made some comparisons regarding the our children, that is the child or the educated change people (22) against those that live a peasant life. In addition, Seymonova highlights the difference between the lives of peasants in contrast of the modify people. Stating that to peasants, Deceit to escape punishment was approved, as was the use of foul language or abuse of animals to vent frustration. Patriarchal authority was accepted implicitly might makes right, and in a sense this brutal accompaniment of life justified deceit and other means of avoidance to escape the dictates of authority and power (22).With such lines, it is noticeable that the lives of well educated persons are very much different from those that live in peasantry whom have not experienced any education. In general, the life of peasants in Russia during the time of Seymonova does not have any type of opportunity to move forward from the difficulties that they are in. Only those that are privilege and rich are those that are given the right to be educated and move out from the situation they are in. In contrast, the situation of Russia in the current time is far more different from the past situation of peasants.It is not a secret that there are still poor people in Russia but due to various technol ogies and improvements in terms of laws and policies there are opportunities available for those that wanted to change their lives. Great schools are available and scholarship grants are offered for students who would like to create a change in their lives. Accordingly there are organizations that are very willing to help and provide trainings and assistance with regards to various subjects such are welfare, health services and the likes. Through this, the less fortunate people are educated with regards to their health and sexual relations.As stated by Seymonova, there are promiscuous actions which are made by young people thus it could be assumed that early pregnancies and diseases are possibly taken a threat. In comparison to the current society of Russia, the awareness and education which are received by citizens protects them against possible sicknesses and threats that could lead to life threatening diseases. Thus, improvements of the benefits of the people have been done throu gh out the years with the help of many changes in terms of government processes and activities.However, problems with regards to society cannot be fully addressed due to the lack of baron of the government to fully reach out to the people. As stated in the introductory pages of the book, that problems could only be resolved through the cooperation and desire of the poor to respond with the issues due to the high percentage rate of their constituents. whole shebang CitedSemyonova Tian-Shanskaia, Olga and David L. Ransel. Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia. United States Indiana University Press, 1993.

Financial analysis Essay Example for Free

Financial analysis EssayThe Back Yard Burgers has 183 restaurants 44 attach to-operated and 139 franchisees as on June 30, 2007. The gross sales figures indicate total revenue of $12,610,000 as compared to last stratum sales figure of $11,695,000. Restaurant sales accounted for $10,688,000 that is a 10. 3% increase from last year figures of $9,686,000. Out of this 10. 3% increase of revenue, 6. 8% is attributed to the concomitant of two new company-operated restaurants till Jun 30, 2007 since July 1, 2006. The remaining 3. 5% increase in the revenue from restaurant sales is from the existing restaurants.Thirteen Weeks Ended June 30, July 1, 2007 2006 Revenues Restaurant sales $ 10,688 $ 9,686 Franchise and area development fees 84 204 royal family fees 1,265 1,245 Advertising fees 318 314 Other 255 246 kernel revenues 12,610 11,695 Expenses Cost of restaurant sales 3,502 3,120 Restaurant direct expenses 5,040 4,646 General and administrative 2,259 1,634 Advertising 814 668 Depreciation 544 543 Other operating (income)/expense come up expenses 12,159 10,611 Operating income 451 1,084 fire income 29 16. Interest expense (193 ) (198 ) Other, straighten out (28 ) (24 ) Income before income taxes 259 878 Income taxes 50 302 make income $ 209 $ 576 Statement of income for the period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007 The statement of income shows a net income of $209,000 only for the genuine year as compared to $576,000 in the previous year. An increase in the general and administrative expenses and increased advertising expenditure accounts for the lower net income of the company. The annual turn over of the company in the year 2006 was $44,710,000 as compared to $41,000,000 in the year 2005.The company report a 9% annual growth in sales. Key financial data of Back Yard Burgers (In millions of USD) Income Statement Quarterly (Jun 07) Annual (2006) Annual (2005) Total Revenue 12. 61 44. 71 41. 00 Gross gain ground 3. 81 13. 67 12. 29 Operating Income 0. 45 2. 18 0. 42 Net Income 0. 21 0. 88 -0. 04 Balance Sheet Total Current Assets 7. 19 7. 08 5. 32 Total Assets 32. 94 33. 41 31. 64 Total Current Liabilities 5. 24 5. 79 4. 01 Total Liabilities 15. 24 16. 11 16. 34 Total Equity 17. 70 17. 30 15. 30 coin play Net Income/Starting Line 0. 21 0. 88 -0. 04 Cash from Operating 0. 40 4.05 3. 33 Cash from Investing -0. 16 -1. 85 -7. 83 Cash from Financing -0. 25 -0. 36 5. 78 Net Change in Cash -0. 01 1. 84 1. 28 The above table gives in insight into the companys current financial position. The operating profit in the year 2006 was $2. 2 million compared to an operating profit of $0. 4 million in the previous year. The net profit was $0. 9 million in the year 2006 as compared to a net loss of $0. 04 million in the year 2005. The company reported a net profit margin of 1. 96% in the year 2006 as compared to 1. 28% in the previous year. The operating margin of the company also increased from 3.56% to 4. 87%. The financial ratios for the current period is provided in the table below Key Stats Ratios Quarterly (Jun 07) Annual (2006) Annual (TTM) Net Profit valuation reserve 1. 66% 1. 96% 1. 28% Operating Margin 3. 58% 4. 87% 3. 56% EBITD Margin 9. 77% 8. 34% Return on Average Assets 2. 53% 2. 69% 1. 80% Return on Average Equity 4. 77% 5. 37% 3. 44% The company has seen a decreasing profit over the past few years. The analysis of the various factors that account for success in the fast food intentness in this paper has highlighted the reasons responsible for the decreasing profit.

The Effective Help To Families And Children Social Work Essay

The Effective helper To Families And Children Social dress EssayI was requested to complete a Pre-Birth Assessment with regards to Case BB. The referral was make by the Community midwife to the Children and Families Area Team where I was on my placementment. The Community Midwifes concerns were nonice board age, she already had a peasant who was under one year, her cooperator was in prison and the Midwife was further refer ab stunned BBs lack of engagement with the health serve especially ante-natal services. The Midwife was in like manner concerned with BBs emotional state of mind. To consolidate what little exploitation was on the referral I contacted BBs up-to-the-minute Health Visitor whereby I was subject to a litany of BBs misdemeanours regarding her care of CA. Although the Health Visitor regarded BBs care of CA as poor I noned that there had been no affectionate charm input requested from the Health Visitor and that the Health Visitor had quite a forceful p ersonality. However, I took on board the information the Health Visitor provided with an objective mind.BB is 19 years old and lives in a topical anaesthetic authority ho drug ab work in a rural village with few topical anaesthetic amenities. The village is not well served with public transport which makes it laborious for BB to access the main town. BBs restore income is bene tantrum based. BB outright has deuce children, CA who is 15 months old and LA who is 3 months old. BBs partner, BA (who is 22 years of age) is at present in prison, serving a sentence for Assault to heavy Injury. BA is not expected to return to the family home until October 2010. BA is the natural father to both CA and LA. My role was to complete a Pre-Birth Assessment with regards to convening a Pre-Birth Conference if necessary. This is in line with the local authoritys High Risk Pregnancy Protocol. My role was also to realize and cut back in partnership with BB and her family in the longer term.The scene of my practice was that of a statutory role with statutory responsibilities. Therefore, I had to consider how to concentrate the family by assessing BBs strengths and constricts as well as promote the welfare of BBs child and unborn child and in the wider sense to keep the family together. harmonise to Hothersall (2008) these are principles inherent within the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 which themselves come up from broader principles surrounding the covers of the children and the importance of positive puzzlement as the basis for a meaningful flavor. throw out to this Healy (2005) points out that within the practice context it is the healthy aspect which has precedence over other aspects of practice. This incorporates the fulfilment of legitimate duties and responsibilities.The Children (Scotland) Act 1995, as mentioned previously, is the underpinning legislation within Children and Families. This legislation with regards to proveal responsibilities was I felt, pertinent to this case. For example, the responsibilities of a parent to a child under 16 are set out in Section 1 of this Act. They are to safeguard and promote the health, development and welfare of the child and to provide bewitch direction to the child fit in to age. These parental responsibilities were important to consider when completing the Pre-Birth Assessment in response to both BB and her partner BAs capacity to parent. The Getting It Right For Every Child (GIRFEC) (Scottish Executive, 2005) policy was also crucial in my discernment. GIRFEC provides a practice stick which promotes holistic legal opinion and planning for children, centred upon indicators of well-being and as a policy is active intervention as early as possible and provision of the right help at the right time. Within GIRFEC is the My World estimation model which I used to help me complete the Pre-Birth Assessment specially in relation to BBs parenting skills with CA. I also utilised Getting Our Pri orities Right (GOPR) A designate for Workers in Best Practice (Local Authority Child Protection Web Pages). Underpinning this assessment was Protecting Children and teenaged People Framework for Standards (Scottish Executive, 2004).Within the context of completing the assessment I was aware of the statutory legal responsibility involved and the requirement to work within the framework of current legislation and policy. During control word was centred around the issue of care and control from the perspective of my practice based on statutory responsibility. According to Thompson (2005) to ignore control is to run the happen of being ineffective, while to ignore care target croak to potentially abusive and oppressive practice. Further to this Banks (2006) points out that the reasons for many ethical dilemmas and problems stem from the social work role asa public service profession dealing with vulnerable service users who remove to be able to trust the histrion and be prote cted from exploitation and also from its position as part of state welfare provision based on contradictory aims and values (care and controlprotection of individual rights and furtherance of public welfare) that cause tensions, dilemmas and conflicts.(Banks, 2006, p.25)As Banks also points out, in practice it is the rules of the agency that define who is to be regarded as a service user and provide the context in which the social worker operates. This, for me reflects that need to discern the signifi tince of discrimination and oppression in service users lives and for my practice to be ethically sound and develop a participatory approach to my practice.Considering these points helped me formulate how I was going to engage with BB. I had an understanding of my statutory responsibilities from a legal and policy perspective and I had an understanding of my personal and professional values in terms of the tensions caused by care and control. Therefore, I needed to build a work rela tionship with BB which would leave alone me to build a theoretical understanding of the interrelationship between the individual and society. (Watson West, 2006, p.13) This would help me complete a meaningful and insightful assessment of BBs current difficulties with appropriate interventions.To complete the assessment, I took into consideration Germain and Gittermans The support Model of Social Work Practice (1996). Payne (2005) describes this model as a formulation of the ecological systems theory which is based on the relationship between stack and their environment. The aim of social work is to increase the fit between people and their environment by alleviating life stressors and increasing peoples personal and social resources to enable them to use more and better coping strategies. Payne further points out that practice must be carried out through and through a partnership between worker and service user that reduces power differences between them. The environment and th e demands of the life course should be a constant factor in making decisions.By utilising Germain Gittermans life model of practice (1996) I was able to create an accepting and supportive environment by describing my role distinctly to BB and encouraging BB to give her thoughts about the referral. This turn oned background information about her relationship with BA and support networks she had within her own panoptic family and with BAs extended family. We discussed the birth of her second child particularly in view of how BB felt she could have it away with CA as well as with the new baby. BB identified this as a worry for her as she was concerned that she would not be able to manage. To make sense of this information Payne (2005) describes resources that people have in order to cope. These are self-efficacy, self-esteem and self-concept. BB had none of these emotional resources available to her at this time. join with this she had no self-direction in the sense she did not feel she had any control over her life.To digest me to elicit further information regarding BBs parenting skills I observed her care of CA. The My World model which draws on upon the work of Bronfenbrenner (1979) and encourages practioners to take an ecological approach to the assessment bring helped me in this respect. By looking at the three domains of growth and development, what is needed from the people who look after me and my wider world I was able to elicit the positives in the situation and the areas of pressure in relation to the golosh, well-being and development of the child. Further to this, attachment theory, which according to Schofield (2002) is primarily a theory for understanding (Schofield, 2002, p.29) was also useful in that although directly seeking to emend the quality of interaction between children and caregivers, the childs sense of security, self-esteem and self-efficacy may also be increased by intervening in the systems around the family, for example providing social support to the let or funding a place for the child in an activity group.A visit with BA was also organised, who although in prison presented as a significant risk factor due to alcohol consumption and increasing levels of violence, albeit the incidents were not in or near the family home and did not involve BB nor his child. BA was at first vacuous which was understandable due to the setting and nature of the visit. Trevithick (2007) suggests that asking a range of different questions is central to interviewing however, in the first place asking a question we must be interested in the answer. (Trevithick, 2007, p. 159) By careful use of plain-spoken and closed questions I was able to draw out BAs views on the assessment and gain round sense of a working relationship with him. However, what really opened the conversation was when I commented on how CA looked very like him.BA then started to talk about CA and how he was looking introductory to the birth of his next baby. During the course of the visit I was able to understand how BA supports BB by allowing her the license to take care of CA while he did the cooking and looked after the house. BA went on to let off that his relationship with BB was sound but that he was aware he had let her down badly particularly as she was pregnant with his second child. BA was aware that he had missed a lot of CA growing up and he did not want this to happen with his second child. BA was also open about the circumstances leading to his arrest and he admitted that it was due to a feud between two different villages that had been going on since school. BA confirmed that the whole thing was stupid and that he now realised he needed to grow up.Taking into accounting system the information gained and observations made during my visits with BB, CA and BA I was able to start to make sense of their environment, their strengths and pressures and the roles each of them had within the home and their community. Intervention at the initial stages of the process was I believe successful with regard to forming a working partnership with BB and to an terminus with BA. Further visits with BB drew further information regarding informal support networks which in the main was her mother. BBs mother was a source of practical support and advice and they were in contact daily. BB described her mother as her ear. authority was sought from BB to meet with her mother. BBs mother was keen for her daughter to gain support from social services as she realised how difficult her daughter was finding things at this time.To complete the assessment and take into account risk factors and strengths I had to analyse and reflect on the information I had gained. According to Helm (2009) this information needs to be analysed before an understanding is developed which allows a judgement to be formed which can lead to an appropriate decision or action. Calder (2002) further offers a framework for conducting risk asse ssment by assessing all areas of identified risk and ensuring that each is considered separately e.g. child, parent, and surrounding environment each worrying conduct should be assessed individually as each is likely to involve different risk factors. To counteract the risk factors present family strengths and resources should also be assessed, for example good bonding, supportive networks.After a thorough abbreviation and supervisory discussions I recommended that a Post-Birth Multi-Agency Conference not be convened. However, I recommended that a further assessment take place when BA returns to the family home and a Post-Birth Multi-Agency meeting to discuss future interventions be ordered as I was aware that the birth of the new baby could be a future pressure on BB. In line with anti-oppressive practice and partnership working, I discussed both the assessment and recommendations with BB and by letter with BA. Both were given the opportunity to put their views across and both wer e happy to continue to work voluntarily with the department for the present.The reasons behind my recommendations were that BB although socially isolated had a strong supportive network with her extended family and BAs extended family. Further to this BB has a close and supportive relationship with her mother whom she sees every day. According to Hill et al (2007) a vast array of enquiry shows that parents in poverty, or facing other stresses, usually cope better when they have one or more close relationships outside the household and these are activate to give practical, emotional or informational support. Most often this is informal but, for isolated parents access to family centres or professionals including health professionals can make a great difference to both the parents and the social and emotional health of children. (Barlow Underdown, 2005)With regards to CA, BB had a good bond with her daughter and was quick to image to her needs. BB also had a routine in place for CA regarding mealtimes and naps this also included a bedtime routine. CA was reaching her developmental milestones (Source Sheridans Charts). CA had age appropriate toys and had the freedom of the alert area. BB had erected a baby gate to stop CA from gaining access to the kitchen and the stairs. However, since CA started walking, BB has to continually keep an eye on CA due to the open fire and hearth in the living area which is proving stressful for BB.Immediate interventions included obtaining Section 22 funding to purchase a safety fireguard and information was obtained regarding BB making applications for Sure Start and Healthy Eating Grants. These applications were successfully made by BB and allowed her to purchase essential items for the new baby. BB had highlighted this as a worry for her as she was struggling financially. Working in collaboration with the Community Midwife arrangements were made for BB to make the trip to the clinic on alternate weeks when her benefits were received. The Community Midwife visited her at home the other weeks.I believe I managed to build a positive working relationship with BB. According to Wilson et al (2008) relation-based practice is the emphasis it places on the professional relationship with the service user. The social worker and service user relationship is recognised to be an important source of information for the worker to understand how best to help. In order to make informed decisions and critically evaluate practice, reflection and outline of information should embrace all sources of knowledge which have to be drawn upon. Further to this, a potentially more informative, relationship-based and reflective response would be to articulate the service users feelings by which the service user can acknowledge their own responses to the situation. As Fook (2002) points outReflective practioners are those who can situate themselves in the context of the situation and can factor this understanding into the ways in wh ich they practice(Fook, 2002, p.40)Banks (2006) also indicates that part of the process of becoming a reflective practioner also involves being aware of ones own position of power and how preponderating discourses construct the knowledge and values we use to describe and work with situations and practice. This has been discussed in supervision with regards to BBs Pre-Birth assessment and to visiting BA in prison.It is difficult to evaluate whether aspects of my work were effective or not. However, in supervision we discussed how keen BB was to gain support and seemed to appreciate the partnership approach. This was discussed in relation to Hill et als (2007) research and Barlow and Underdown (2005). Small aspects of my intervention, such as the provision of the safety fireguard were described by BB as a godsend and she was proud to show me the baby items she had purchased on receipt of the grants.Discussion in supervision also centred round the next stage of intervention which was after the baby was born. I discussed with BB the opportunity for CA to attend a local authority nursery one day per week. This would help CAs social and emotional development and at the same time allow BB to spend time with LA. This referral was successful as was gaining the services of a volunteer driver to transport CA. However, CA has only just started at the nursery and therefore difficult to gauge if this referral has been effective.Reflecting on my work overall, I should probably have explored more with BB her social isolation and worked on strategies to get her more involved in the community. Further to this resources in this village are non-existent and the parenting groups which were suitable were not available locally. BB was interested but location of the Family Centre and lack of public transport negated this. I enquired with regards to Outreach Work but this was not available. Discussion with other colleagues in the team reflected the same theme regarding facilities for the outlying villages. Further discussion in supervision raised for me the difficulty of maintaining empowering and anti-oppressive practice within this context as assessment should be needs led not resource led.2,979 words

Entrepreneurs Personal Characteristics And Influence On Growth Commerce Essay

Entrepreneurs ad hominem Characteristics And Influence On Growth Commerce EssayBarons (2002) definition of entrepreneurship omens that entrepreneurship involves a complex process in which specific individuals recognize opportunities and then act to convert them into tangible economic benefits by putting up a invigorated business. This corresponds with Schumpeters (1934, from Elliot, 1983) early definition of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. He states that an enterprise is a carrying out of impertinent combinations and entrepreneurs argon the individuals whose function it is to carry them out. harmonise to Schumpeter everyone is an entrepreneur scarce when he is actually carrying out new combinations, and he loses that character as soon as he built up his business. The entrepreneur then becomes only a tiny business owner (Carland et al., 1984). In this report I use Schumpeters definition of entrepreneurs and with that revolve close on entrepreneurs that started a business recently.Several meta-analyses conduct shown that entrepreneurs differ from other groups in terms of a broad range of ad hominemity (Zhao et al., 2010). The fin-factor model (FFM) of privateity provides a meaningful and generalizable taxonomy for claiming these differences. The FFM consists of five relatively independent dimensions Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, amenity, and Openness to Experience (Wang and Erdheim, 2007). Each dimension reflects certain own(prenominal) characteristics.Small businesses ar several(predicate) from large organizations. Their characteristics be that they be reactive, fire-fighting mentality, have resource limitations, informal strategies and flexible constructions (Terziovski, 2010). While small firms opportunity-seeking skills may be strong, their limited knowledge stocks and lack of market power inhibit their ability to enact the war-ridden advantages necessary to appropriate value from opportunities the firms choose to employ (Ketchen et al., 2007).This musical composition consists of a literature study on the own(prenominal) characteristics of entrepreneurs and their influence on small business growth. Scientific literature go away be consulted to study this relationship. I have chosen to investigate the relationship between an entrepreneurs personal characteristics and their influence on small business growth because I am inte balanceed in entrepreneurship and because I am engagementing on setting up my own small business. It is an interesting topic because there argon not to a greater extent articles written virtually it and I designate it hatful give entrepreneurs insights in how to use certain personal characteristics to make a positive contri scarcelyion to the growth of their small business.The look question of the paper isTo what finis be an entrepreneurs personal characteristics of influence on small business growth?The sub questions argonHow can spirit be defined?Which pers onal characteristics are according to the literature specific for an entrepreneur?What are the characteristics of the small business sector?What kind of challenges will an entrepreneur hardiness after starting up a business?The paper will be structured as follows. In the next arm I will put up a definition of character and review the Five calculate Model. Some insights about personal characteristics of entrepreneurs that are written about in the literature are alike being discussed. After that a incision is dedicated to the characteristics of the small business sector and what kind of challenges entrepreneurs face after starting up their business. Section 4 consists of an analysis where the insights from the foregoing ii classs are combined. I will likewise analyze and discuss the results of an interview with an entrepreneur in this section. In the function section a conclusion will be given with a concrete answer to the sub questions and the research question. I will also discuss the limitations of this study and some recommendations for future studies. Figure 1 summarizes the paper structure.Figure 1 Paper structureAn entrepreneurs personal characteristicsIn this section an overview is given of an entrepreneurs personal characteristics that are lucubrate on in the literature. First a definition of personality will be given. In the same section The Five Factor personality Model (FFM) is explored because in this model certain personal characteristics are grouped together into five different personality dimensions. After that other personal characteristics that are quoted in the literature are being discussed. The goal of this section is to derive a set of personal characteristics from the literature that are typical for entrepreneurs and match them to the dimensions of the FFM.Personality and the Five Factor ModelThis paragraph starts with a definition of personality. After that I will explain the FFM model and specify an amount of personal character istics that are typical for the five dimensions of the model.Personality can be defined as enduring dispositions that cause characteristics patterns of interaction with the surroundings (Parks and Guay, 2009). Personality consists of personality traits that are endogenous basic tendencies tied to underlying biophysiological response systems. They are strongly heritable, immune to social and parental influences and quite stable throughout maturity (Olver and Mooradian, 2003). In the mid-nineties consensus was reached about five broad categories of personality. These five categories together are called the Five Factor personality Model.The five FFM dimensions are Conscientiousness, excited Stability/Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness to experience (Parks and Guay, 2009 Wang and Erdheim, 2007 Zhao et al., 2010). Conscientiousness refers to making deliberate choices and being reliable. The personal characteristics that belong to this dimension are being careful, t horough, responsible, motivated, organized and efficient. Emotional stability/neuroticism represents the individual differences in the tendency to experience distress and the typical behaviors that are associated with it. According to Parks and Guay (2009) emotional stability refers to the characteristics self-confident, merry and well-adjusted. According to Wang and Erdheim (2007) neuroticism is the opposite of emotional stability and is being anxious, depressed, emotional, worried and insecure. The third dimension, extraversion, refers to being ambitious, talkative, assertive, and sociable. Agreeableness consists of the social aspect of personality, that is being friendly, cooperative, loyal, courteous, good-natured and tolerant. Finally, openness to experience refers to the characteristics curious, imaginative, open-minded and artistically sensitive. This dimension reflects the originative side of personality. According to Zhao et al. (2010) these five dimensions do not cover a ll personality traits, so they expand the model with the dimension Risk impulse. Risk propensity can be defined as the willingness to pursue decisions or courses of action involving uncertainty regarding success or failure outcomes.This was a short explanation about personality and the FFM. In the next paragraph I will discuss several personality traits of entrepreneurs that were elaborated on in literature.An entrepreneurs personal characteristicsIn this paragraph I will start with Schumpeters theory about the psychology of the entrepreneur. After that several personal characteristics of an entrepreneur that are reviewed in the literature will be discussed.Schumpeter (1934, from Elliot, 1983) was one of the first to discuss the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur. He argues that there is the dream and the will to implant a private kingdom, usually, though not necessarily, also a dynasty. Then there is the will to conquer the proneness to fight, to prove oneself superior to others, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success, but of success itself. Finally, there is the joy of creating, of getting things done, or simply of exercising ones energy and ingenuity (p. 93). After Schumpeter several other researchers investigated the psychology of the entrepreneur.Entrepreneurs differ from the rest of the population in a number of ways (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005 Brandsttter, 1997 Zhao et al., 2010). Entrepreneurs can be characterized by an incentive structure based on individual responsibility and effort, and a strong work ethic (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005). This means that they think that the state should not retort more responsibility, private ownership should be increased, that unemployed should not have the right to refuse a job and success is not a matter of luck and connections but of hard work.Brandsttter (1997) attaches an entrepreneurs personal characteristics to some situational characteristics that are common to all entrepreneurs. First, it is the absence of bulk who give orders, set goals and conceal the outcome. This means that entrepreneurs are more individually oriented than other volume (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005). A jiffy aspect is the insecurity. There is evermore the risk of economic failure that entrepreneurs have to deal with. They dont essential to be upset or worried very easily, so emotional stability is a prerequisite for entrepreneurs. This corresponds with the pot of Zhang et al. (2009). They mention that the level of neuroticism was a key predictor of centrality in advice and friendship networks. People that impinge on low on the level of neuroticism tend to obtain central positions in advice and friendship networks and multitude high in neuroticism tended to become the center of adversarial networks. Because social networks are very important forentrepreneurs, these results adumbrate that entrepreneurs have to be emotional stable.The third characteristic Bra ndsttter (1997) defines is the demand for social contact. Entrepreneurs have to convince their customers of the profit of their product and they have to keep in touch with them to fulfill their chooses. Finally, entrepreneurs have to be ready to quiz out new ideas and respond quickly to changes around them. This means that entrepreneurs have to be more innovative than others.Another characteristic of entrepreneurs is that they score high on the extraversion dimension (Zhang et al., 2009). This seems logical because extraverted people tend to have more social skills and this is important for entrepreneurs because they have to persuade different stakeholders. Baron (2002) supports this vision. He states that entrepreneurs who are productive in generating enthusiasm in others, may be significantly more successful than those who are not.Smith-Hunter et al. (2003) defined the most researched personal characteristics from the traditional school, that is a group of researchers who foc used on the personality characteristics of the individual. These characteristics are locale of control (Poon et al., 2006), risk-taking (Zhao et al., 2010), achievement motivation (Poon et al., 2006), and trouble solving style and innovativeness (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005 Schumpeter, 1934, from Elliot, 1983).locus of control can be defined as peoples perception of their ability to exercise control over the environment (Poon et al., 2006). People with an internal locus of control believe that their own effort determines certain outcomes in life, whereas people with an external locus of control believe that outcomes are determined by external factors they cant influence. Locus of control is one of the classical themes in the entrepreneurial trait research that differentiate entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005 Poon et al., 2006). Entrepreneurs are characterized by a more internal locus of control (Dvir et al., 2010).Many recent studies ha ve focused on the relationship between the locus of control and an entrepreneurs level of self-efficacy (Smith-Hunter et al., 2003). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the degree to which people perceive themselves as having the ability to successfully perform the various roles and tasks of entrepreneurship (Hmieleski and Baron, 2008). Hmieleski and Baron (2008) investigated that self-efficacy is quietd by the degree of optimism and the industry conditions. The results of their study indicate that (1) in dynamic environments, entrepreneurial self-efficacy exerts positive effects on performance for firms led by middling optimistic entrepreneurs, but exerts negative effects on performance for firms led by entrepreneurs who are highly optimistic and (2) in stable environments, the effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on firm performance are less(prenominal) clear and not moderated by the degree of optimism.The opinions about the characteristic risk-taking are diverse. Some research ers found that entrepreneurs are high risk takers (Zhao et al., 2010), but others mention that entrepreneurs are moderate risk takers (Xu and Ruef, 2004). There are two forms of risk gross profit margin that may lead individuals to entrepreneurial activity, strategic and non-strategic (Xu and Ruef, 2004). In strategic risk tolerance rational actors actively prefer low-probability, high replication outcomes. In non-strategic risk tolerance rational actors need not have active risk preferences, but only appear to prefer low-probability, high payoff outcomes because their nurture on the distribution of outcomes is based on conditions of imperfect knowledge.The need to achieve refers to a intrust to do well in order to achieve a sense of personal accomplishment (Poon et al., 2006). The need to achieve can be colligate to the characteristics desire for independence (Dvir et al., 2010 Poon et al., 2006) and risk-taking propensity (Zhao et al., 2010). People who have a high need for a chievement possess five critical attributes (Smith-Hunter et al., 2003). High achievers like situations where they can take responsibility. They like rapid feedback on their performance, so they can criticize their own improvements. They avoid very slow or very difficult tasks and they dislike succeeding by chance. They prefer striving to achieve targets and the last characteristic is that they are interested in concrete knowledge about the results of their decisions.Finally innovation and problem solving capabilities are expected to be the core of the entrepreneurial capability of an entrepreneur (Smith-Hunter et al., 2003). Schumpeter (1934, from Elliott, 1983) mentioned that creative destruction, whereby new products and processes replace old ones, is more important than price competition among existing firms and products. This means that entrepreneurs are more innovative than non-entrepreneurs (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005).For this end the most important characteristics of an entrepreneur that were cited in literature were discussed. Dvir et al. (2010) mentioned the most frequently cited personality traits of entrepreneurs. These are the desire to be independent (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005), internal locus of control (Poon et al., 2006), creativity or innovativeness (Schumpeter, 1934, from Elliott, 1983), risk-taking propensity (Xu and Ruef, 2004 Zhao et al., 2010), need for achievement (Poon et al., 2006), and credible role models. In the next paragraph the above mentioned characteristic will be stird to the FFM dimensions.An entrepreneurs personality traits and their relation with the FFM dimensionsThe characteristics mentioned in the foregoing paragraph can be related to the dimensions of the FFM. The five dimensions were Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability/Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness to experience. The extra dimension added by Zhao et al. (2010) was risk propensity.Because of the strong work ethic (Beugels dijk and Noorderhaven, 2005) and the high need for achievement (Poon et al., 2006) entrepreneurs score high on the conscientiousness dimension. Conscientiousness has been found to be a consistent predictor of job performance across occupations involving managing others and sales performance (Ciavarella et al., 2004).Emotional stability is a prerequisite for entrepreneurs because of the insecurity they have to deal with (Brandsttter, 1997). People that score high on the level of emotional stability tend to obtain central positions in advice and friendship networks (Zhang et al., 2009). An internal locus of control (Poon et al., 2006) and mostly a high level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (Hmieleski and Baron, 2009) are specific for an entrepreneurs emotional stability.Entrepreneurs also score high on the extraversion dimension (Zhao et al., 2010). The reason for this is that being extraverted should facilitate the education of social networks, ultimately resulting in stronger part nerships with suppliers and customers, which is very important for entrepreneurs (Ciavarella et al., 2004). The characteristics of extraversion are being ambitious, talkative, assertive, and sociable (Parks and Guay, 2009).According to Ciavarella et al. (2004) amenity is an interpersonal factor that focuses on the quality of relationships through cooperation and trust. Entrepreneurs who establish trusting, flexible, and courteous relationships with their customers should expect to take out the profits of repeat business. Zhao et al. (2010) expected that, given the limited margin for unselfish behavior and the high likelihood of guarded and even conflictual interpersonal relationships associated with entrepreneurship, there would be a negative relationship between agreeableness and entrepreneurial intentions. However their results have shown that this is not true and that entrepreneurs do score high on agreeableness and with that are highly cooperative and reliable.Openness to exper ience describes the extent to which individuals tend to be curious, creative, and open to new ideas, which relates to self-direction values, those are beliefs that individuals ought to be independent and self-directed (Parks and Guay, 2009). Successful entrepreneurship is likely to require constant information monitoring and learning to keep up with changing tastes and market trends, competitor behavior, and new Technologies (Zhao et al., 2010). This indicates that entrepreneurs are more innovative than non-entrepreneurs (Beugelsdijk and Noorderhaven, 2005) and that they score high on openness to experience.For the last dimension, risk propensity, the visions are not always the same. Zhao et al. (2010) argue that entrepreneurs are characterized by a high risk propensity, while Xu and Ruef (2004) argue that entrepreneurs are moderate risk-takers.The goal of this second section was to derive a set of personal characteristics for an entrepreneur from the literature and relate them to t he FFM dimensions. After first discussing the FFM model and after that, reviewing the personal characteristics of an entrepreneur, I attached the personal characteristics to the dimensions of the FFM. With this the second section is finished.In the next section I will discuss the characteristics of the small business sector. Because of the focus on entrepreneurs that recently started their business, some challenges they face will also be reviewed.